Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), a popular herb in Ayurvedic medicine, is widely used for its adaptogenic properties—helping the body manage stress and anxiety, improving sleep, and enhancing energy levels. While ashwagandha offers many potential health benefits, it’s not without risks. Like any supplement or medicinal herb, it can cause side effects in certain individuals or when taken improperly.
This article explores the potential side effects of ashwagandha, who should avoid it, and how to use it safely.
1. Gastrointestinal Issues
One of the most common side effects of ashwagandha is gastrointestinal discomfort. This may include:
Nausea
Upset stomach
Diarrhea
Vomiting
These effects are more likely to occur at higher doses or when taken on an empty stomach. Taking ashwagandha with food can often help mitigate these symptoms.
2. Drowsiness and Sedation
Ashwagandha has mild sedative properties. While this can be beneficial for people with anxiety or insomnia, it can lead to:
Daytime drowsiness
Fatigue
Reduced alertness
Caution is advised if you’re driving, operating heavy machinery, or need to stay alert.
3. Hormonal Effects
Ashwagandha may influence hormone levels, especially thyroid hormones. It has been shown to potentially:
Increase thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4), which can be problematic for individuals with hyperthyroidism.
Influence testosterone and other sex hormones, potentially causing hormone imbalances if misused.
People with thyroid disorders should consult a doctor before using ashwagandha.
4. Allergic Reactions
Although rare, allergic reactions can occur. Symptoms may include:
Skin rash
Itching
Swelling
Shortness of breath
If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention.
5. Lower Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure
Ashwagandha may lower blood sugar and blood pressure, which could be dangerous for individuals already taking medications for these conditions. Possible symptoms include:
Dizziness
Light-headedness
Fainting
Monitoring your blood sugar and blood pressure levels is crucial if you’re combining ashwagandha with medications.
6. Interactions With Medications
Ashwagandha may interact with several types of medications, including:
Sedatives or sleep aids
Antidepressants
Thyroid medications
Diabetes medications
Blood pressure medications
Immunosuppressants
Always check with a healthcare provider before combining ashwagandha with any prescription drugs.
7. Not Safe for Certain Populations
Certain groups should avoid ashwagandha entirely:
Pregnant women: It may induce miscarriage.
Breastfeeding mothers: There is not enough evidence on its safety.
People with autoimmune diseases: It may stimulate the immune system.
Surgical patients: Ashwagandha should be stopped at least 2 weeks before surgery due to possible sedative and blood pressure effects.
Conclusion
Ashwagandha is generally safe when used appropriately and in recommended doses, but it is not free from side effects. Gastrointestinal discomfort, sedation, hormonal effects, and drug interactions are among the most notable concerns. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions or take medications.